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ACCA的考试科目P1有哪些知识点需要大家学习？高顿学姐为大家收集了一些学习资料，接下来就一起来看看吧！
一、Agency theory代理人理论★★★
Any agency relationship involves two parties:a principal and an agent.The agentis accountable to the principal.The relationship arises from the separation of management and ownership in public companies(and in other situations insociety)。
代理关系涉及到委托人和代理。代理人对委托人负责，委托人有权向代理人问责。这种关系的产生源于管理权和所有权的分离-对上市公司而言（私企的话，可能所有权=管理权）。
An agency relationship is one of trust between an agent and a principal which obliges the agent to meet the objectives placed upon it by the principal.As one appointed by a principal to manage,oversee or further the principal‘s specific interests,the primary purpose of agency is to discharge its fiduciary duty to the principal.
代理关系是委托人和代理人之间的一种信任托付关系，强制代理人实现委托人设定的目标。委托人任命代理人管理、监督和拓展委托人的利益，代理人的主要目的是履行委托人赋予的基于信任的义务。
二、Fiduciary duty基于信任的义务★★
基于信任的义务是一种duty of care and trust，是个人或企业对另一方的责任。可以是法律的或道德的义务。
三、The agency problem代理问题★★
股份公司的代理问题是因为委托人（所有人）不能自己管理经营，必须依赖代理人（管理层）来工作。
The agency problem-solution代理问题的解决方案★
Remove
Exercise control
Introduce mechanism to control the activities of the agent.
四、Agency costs代理成本★
委托人要承担agency cost,which are the costs of the monitoring that is required because of the separation of ownership and management.因为所有权管理权分离而导致的监督成本，称为代理成本。
Resolving the agency problem-alignment of interests
五、解决代理问题-利益一致★★
利益一致意味着代理人的目标与股东目标整体一致Alignment of interests is accordance between the
objectives of agents acting within an organisation and objectives of agents within an organisation and the objectives of the organisation as a whole，也称为goal congruence。
比较好的方式是给管理层以跟利润挂钩的薪酬机制或者提供其他跟利润或股价有关的激励。
具体：
1.Profit–related/economic value-added pay
2.Rewarding managers with shares
3.Executive share option plans(ESOPs)
