今天高顿网校USCPA小编为大家简单介绍一下债务契约的相关内容。
债务契约是指企业经理人员代表股东与债权人签订的、用于明确债权人和债务人双方权利和义务的一种法律文书，包括各种贷款契约、债券发行契约等。
债务契约的作用
企业债务契约的主要作用是限制经理人员的行为或要求其按照一定原则、目的行事，以保护债权人的合法、正当权益。债权人通过正式的债务契约，对借款企业提出一些约束条件，如限制企业的股利支付、股票回购和举借新债务等行为。此外，债务契约还可能要求债务企业维持特定水平的营运资本、利息保障倍数、净资产总值等财务指标。显然，会计政策选择决定了这些监控指标的计量和评估，对评估既定债务契约的履行或违约有着直接影响。债务契约假说认为，企业与特定的基于会计数据的限制性契约条款联系越紧密，企业经理人员便越有可能采用可增加当期收益的会计政策。
In gross method，if invoice was paid within the discount period，a purchase discount is credit.
In net method，if invoice was paid after the discount period，a purchase discount lost account is credit.
Sales taxes are not an expense of the company collecting the sales taxes from customers.
Sales taxes payable should be credited to a payable account after collection and until remitted.
Payroll deductions are items withheld from employees out of the gross pay on their paychecks. They do NOT represent an expense to the employer.
Unemployment taxes and the employer‘s share of payroll taxes should be accrued by the employer as an expense.
Notes must be recorded at present value.
Recording any difference between the face amount of the note and its present value as a discount or premium that must be amortized over the life of the note.
Common debt covenants
Limitations on issuing additional debt
Restrictions on the payment of dividends
Limitations on the disposal of certain assets
Minimum working capital requirements
Collateral requirements
Limitation on how the borrowed money can be used.
Maintenance of specific financial ratios