8.3 Losses with scrap value
  Solution procedure:
  1. Calculate the outputs and losse
  2. Calculate the cost per unit (using the total cost over expected output units)
  3. Total the process costs
  4. Write up the process account and normal loss account
  Example 3:
  Inputs = 3000 units
  Material = $11700
  Conversion cost = $6300
  Output = 2000 units
  Normal loss = 20%
  The units of loss could be sold for $1 eac
  Process account
  Unit
  $
  Unit
  $
  Material
  3000
  11700
  Output
  2000
  14500
  Conversion costs
  6300
  Normal loss
  600
  600
  Abnormal loss
  400
  2900
  3000
  18000
  3000
  18000
  Abnormal loss account
  $
  $
  Process a/c
  2900
  Scrap value
  400
  P & L
  2500
  2900
  2900
  Scrap value
  $
  $
  Normal loss
  600
  Cash
  1000
  Abnormal loss
  400
  1000
  1000
  There are two production processes: cutting pasting
  Normal loss: 10% in each process
  Scrapped units out of the cutting process sells for $3 per unit, whereas scrapped units out of the pasting process sell for $5 per unit.
  Cutting process Pasting proces
  Process 1 account
  Unit
  $
  Unit
  $
  Materials
  18000
  54000
  Output to pasting process
  16000 x $5
  80000
  Conversion costs
  32400
  Normal loss
  1800 x$3
  5400
  Abnormal loss
  200 x $5
  1000
  18000
  86400
  18000
  86400
  (2) Pasting process
  1. Calculate the outputs and losses
  Process 2 account
  Unit
  $
  Unit
  $
  Materials from cutting process
  16000
  80000
  Finished output
  28000 x $10
  280000
  Added materials
  14000
  70000
  Normal loss
  3000
  15000
  Direct labour
  135000
  Abnormal gain
  1000 x $10
  10000
  31000
  295000
  31000
  295000
  Abnormal loss account
  Unit
  $
  $
  Cutting process
  200
  1000
  Output
  600
  P & L
  400
  1000
  1000
  Abnormal gain account
  $
  Unit
  $
  Scrap value
  5000
  Cash
  P & L
  5000
  Pasting process
  1000
  10000
  10000
  10000
  Scrap value
  Unit
  $
  Unit
  $
  Normal loss
  Cash
  Cutting process
  1800 x $3
  5400
  Sale of cutting process
  (1800 + 200) x $3
  6000
  Pasting process
  3000 x $5
  15000
  Sale of pasting process
  (3000- 1000) x $5
  10000
  Abnormal loss
  600
  Abnormal gain
  5000
  21000
  21000
  Conclusion:
  ● In the first process, total cost of output = total cost of input, though there are losses in process and those loss with certain scrap value
  ● The unit cost of abnormal loss and gain = the unit cost of good unit produced
  ● The scrap value of abnormal loss/gain is not accounted to the process account
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