管理者和领导者的区别与联系
  What is leadership?
  Leadership has been defined as:
  'The activity of influencing people to strive willingly for group objectives' (Terry) 'Interpersonal influence exercised in a situation and directed, through the communication process, toward the attainment of a specialized goal or goals'
  Management and leadership
  The terms 'management' and 'leadership' are often used interchangeably.
  Management is about coping with complexity: its functions are to do with logic, structure, analysis and control, and are aimed at producing order, consistency and predictability.
  Leadership, by contrast, is about coping with change: its activities include creating a sense of direction, communicating strategy, and energizing, inspiring and motivating others to translate the vision into action.
  Management can be exercised over resources, activities, projects and other essential non-personal things.
  Leadership can only be exercised over people.
  一、概念
  领导者:领导者是一种社会角色,特指领导活动的行为主体,即能实现领导过程的人。
  管理者:“管理者是指在组织中从事管理活动、担负管理职能的人,即负担对他人的工作进行计划、组织、领导和控制等工作,以期实现组织目标的人”。
  “管理者是被任命的,他们拥有合法的权力进行奖励和处罚,其影响力来自于他们所处的职位和组织所赋予的正式权力,领导者则可以是任命的,也可以是从一个群体中产出来的,领导者可以不运用正式权力而以自身影响力和魅力来影响他人的活动。”
  二、联系
  领导者和管理者都是在组织中拥有权力的个体,在组织中处在举足轻重的位置,他们工作的最终目标都是为了组织发展,他们的工作对组织的发展产生重大影响,二者之间没有根本的利益冲突,只有二者无间合作才能使组织更好的发展,“理想情况下,管理者应该同时就是领导者”。
  三、区别
  领导者与管理者具有四大区别:
  【一】管理者关注的是执行,领导者思考的则是创新;
  【二】管理者主要关注事情,领导者核心关注人;
  【三】管理者依靠控制,领导者促进信任;
  【四】管理者维护现状,领导者推动变革。