2018年考研英语二试题与答案解析

2018年考研英语二试题与答案解析

紧张的2021考研初试英语科目考试已经结束了，高顿考研为大家整理了2018年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二），大家可以对往年题型进行比较，希望对大家能够有所帮助，以下就是《2018年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）》。

Section I Use of English

Directions：

Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

1Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.

2In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.

3Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room,the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9_ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.

4The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11_ or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances,for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.

5Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15,however.In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor.Thin ki ng about lon g-term 20 _ is key to reduc ing the possibl e negative effec ts of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.

1.A.resolve B.protect C.discuss D.ignore

2.A.refuse B.wait C.seek D.regret

3.A.rise

4.A.alert

5.A.message

6.A.remove B.last

B.tie

B.trial

B.weaken C.mislead

C.expose

C.review

C.deliver D.hurt

D.treat

D.concept

D.interrupt

7.A.Unless B.If C.Though D.When

8.A.happen B.continue C.disappear D.change

9.A.rather than B.such as C.regardless of D.owing to

10.A.disagree B.forgive C.forget D.discover

11.A.pay B.marriage C.food D.schooling

12.A.begin with B.rest on C.learn from D.lead to

13.A.withdrawal B.inquiry C.persistence D.diligence

14.A.self-destructive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-deceptive

15.A.resist B.define C.replace D.trace

16.A.predict B.overlook C.design D.conceal

17.A.remember B.choose C.promise D.pretend

18.A.relief B.plan C.outcome D.duty

19.A.whether B.why C.where D.how

20.A.limitations B.investments C.strategies D.consequences

1.A

解析：句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有不确定性的内在需求”。[A]解决<B>保护[C]讨论[D]忽视，根据动宾搭配关系，解决不确定性搭配合理。

2.C

解析：本题考查动介词搭配。根据原文语境，需要选择一个动词和后面的“to”连用。[A]拒绝做...<B>等待做...[C]寻求，力求做...[D]后悔做...结合文意“人们要满足他们的好奇心”来判断，正选为[C]寻求，力求做。

3.D

解析：根据原文语境，“painful,uncertainty”均为消极词汇。

4.C

解析：固定搭配考查。根据原文语境，考查短语sb to sth意为“让某人承受某事”。因此，C选项为正选。

5.B

解析：根据上文，第二段句首提到in a series of four experiments,说明是在“实验”的语境。结合四个选项，[A]信息<B>实验[C]复习[D]观念，只有B选项和段落语境相符合。因此为正选。

6.C

解析：动宾搭配。结合语境，“当点击的时候，一半的钢笔会电流。”根据动宾搭配，本题需要一个动词来搭配电流，考查四个选项，[A]移除<B>削弱[C]传递[D]打扰A选项更符合语境。

7.D

解析：时间状语的考查。结合语境，“被独自留在房间，学生会”,因此，这是一个非常明显的时间

状语从句。正选为D.

8.A

解析：动词辨析。结合原文语境，由who引导的定语从句修饰前面的学生，而在定语从句中，又出现由what引导的宾语从句。结合宾语从句的含义，“知道接下来会发生什么”更符合语境。

9.B

解析：结合语境，后面语境为并列关系，因此此题应填举例子。B为正选。

10.D

解析：Discover与上文中的Curiosity相对应。11 C

解析：本词与后文的Basic drives的详细说明。与shelter一样都属于人类的基本需求。12 D

解析：破折号的内容是对前文instinct的解释。说明这种本能能够促进新的科学发展，属于因果关系。

13.B

解析：跟前文的drives相对应。

14.A

解析：本题与前文的backfire相对应，都属于贬义词。

15.A

解析：从后文的试验中，参与者应该被鼓励参与，因此跟前文的坚持相对应。

16.A

解析：通过后文的after能看出这个事情并没有发生，因此填预测。

17.B

解析：动宾搭配。18：C

解析：of引导的后置定语。由一个人的好奇心所带来的结果。19：A

解析：whether引导宾语从句。20：D

解析：关联对应，对应18题的outcome.

SectionⅡReading Comprehension

Part A Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or

D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）

Text 1

1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.

2Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical.When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?

3As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum.They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.

4But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education“have that stereotype,that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.

5On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rigitfully so.

6But the headl ong push into bachelor’s degrees for all-and the subtle d*uing of anything less-misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.

7In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.

8Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.

21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of.

A.mechanical memorization

B.academic training

C.practical ability

D.pioneering spirit

22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.

A.are financially disadvantaged

B.are not academically successful

C.have a stereotyped mind

D.have no career motivation

23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.

A.are entitled to more“educational privileges

B.are reluctant to work in manufacturing C.used to have more job opportunities

D.used to have big financial concerns

24.The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all.

A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs

B.may narrow the gap in working-class jobs

C.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce

D.indicates the overvaluing of higher education

25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as_.

A.supportive

B.disappointed

C.tolerant

D.cautious

21.答案C practical ability

这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢？学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。从作者使用问句的形式就可判断出作者并不接受这种观点，即学生只学会书本上的知识而不具备实际能力。再结合上一句话即本段第二句话，Mr Koziatek是New Hampshire高中的一名老师，在这所学校，学习不只是书本上的知识，或者是为了考试，也不是为了机械化的记忆，而是为了实际的技能。能看出，作者认为学生们缺少的是实际技能，所以答案是C practical ability.

22.答案B are not academically successful

这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词职业教育对孩子存在的偏见可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多职业化教育的学校中，有这样一种老套的思想，那就是，职业教育是针对那些在学术上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根据这句话可确定答案就是B are not academically successful。其他选项均不符合文意。

23.答案C used to have more job opportunities

这是一道细节推断题，根据题干第五段和high school graduates回到原文定位致第五段第三句，说到美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的那种the job security已经在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那说明过去的时候高中毕业生是有职业安全感的，故选C，其他选项都不在定位处，可以排除。

24.答案D indicate the overvaluing of higher education

这是一道事实细节题，根据题干内容“the headlong push”找到出处是第六段开头But后，发现后面还有一个and...和其并列，所以主要关注对这两部分的评价，后面有明显的标点：冒号出现，冒号后说that is not the only thing the American economy needs.可以看出这句话对前面的否定，选项中只有

D选项动词overvalue是负面词，而且提到主题词education。故选D。这道题最适合用感情色彩来排除与D相反的其他三个选项。

25.答案A supportive

这是一道态度题，放在最末的态度题更倾向于到最后一段找答案。通过定位词Koziatek’s school看到最后一段也确实提到了，说它是一个wake-up call。也就是在唤醒人们教育不应该是统一的形式，这样会overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts，也就是忽视人才的差异性。所以可以看出作者是支持的态度。

Text2

1While fossil fuels-coal,oil,gas-still generate roughly 85 percent of the world's energy supply,it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world:They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.

2Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted Business to fund cleaner energy sources.But increasingly the stories about the plummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.

3In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland,for example,wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead,notably China and Europe,the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.

4President Trump has underlined fossil fuels-especially coal-as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa,he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source,But that message did not play well with many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state's electricity generation-and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.

5The question“what happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn'tshine?"has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage-capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.

6 The advance is driven in par t by vehicle manufacturers,who are placing big bets on battery-powered vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.

7 While there’s a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up--perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Was hington does--or doesn’t do--to promote alternative energy many mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.

26.The word"plummeting"(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to

A.stabilizing

B.changing

C.falling

D.rising

27.According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America

A.is progressing notably

B.is as extensive as in Europe

C.faces many challenges

D.has proved to be impractical

28.It can be learned that in Iowa,

.

A.wind is a widely used energy source

B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels

C.tech giants are investing in clean energy

D.there is a shortage of clean energy supply

29.Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?

A.Its application has boosted battery storage.

B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.

C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.

D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.

30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.

A.will bring the US closer to other countries

B.will accelerate global environmental change

C.is not really encouraged by the US government

D.is not competitive enough with regard to its cost 26.答案C falling

这是一道词义句意题，要想知道plummeting的意思，首先要回到原文找线索，即plummeting所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting所在句子是在说现在例如风能和太阳能这样的可再生资源的价格的问题，plummeting是修饰可再生资源的价格的，接着二段最后一句就在用具体数字来证明可再生资源的成本在下降，如太阳能成本下降了百分之八十，风能也降到三分之一，由此可知，可再生资源的成本在下降，plummeting的含义是下降的意思。所以选择C falling。

27.答案A is progressing notably

这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词定位至第三段第三句及第四句，意思是“在中国和欧洲等国家已经领先时，美国也在见证着巨大的改变。根据美国能源信息局报道，三月份，美国首次使用风能和太阳能产生了超过百分之十以上的能源。”这足以说明在美国，可再生能源的使用正在取得显著地进步。所

以答案是A。

28.答案A wind is a widely used energy source

这是一道细节推断题，根据题干关键词定位至第四段第三句，在爱荷华州，风力涡轮机点缀着这个州并提供了此州百分之三十六的电能，并且还吸引了像微软这样的科技巨头公司。因此可判断，在爱荷华州，风能是一种广泛使用的能源。所以答案是A。

29.答案C its continuous supply is becoming a reality

这是一道是非细节题，根据题干给出的段落位置，5-6两段和主题词clean energy，回到原文的第5

-6段，这两段都不长，第五段出现了But后讲到电池容量的提升a boost in the storage，与A选项不符，并不是因果关系，故排除；B选项说道广泛用在制造业也不符合原文第六段第一句；而D选项和原文第六段最后一句是语义相反的，故也排除；正确选项C是和这句话语义一致的，也是和全文主题一致的，故为正确答案。

30.答案C is not really encouraged by the US government

这是一道细节推断题，题干问“根据最后一段可以推断出来可再生能源怎么了”，回到原文最后一段第一句就表明尽管还有很长一段路要走，可再生能源发展的趋势在增强。后面也提到改变的节奏在加快，对slowing气候变化有meaningful effect，所以可以看出B选项accelerate...是不对的，D选项中提到的价格不具有竞争力不在本段当中，也应排除。剩下的两个选项都提到了美国，就应该重点看最后一句，最后一句提到华盛顿政府做或不做什么都may mean less and less...所以可以看出美国不应该是和其他国家更近，排除A，所以选C，美国不是真正支持可再生能源的。

Text 3

1The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the What’s App messaging service,which doesn’t have any physical product at all.What What’s App offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.

2 Facebook promis ed the European commiss ion then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities,but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.Even without knowing what was in the messages,the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.What political journalist,what party whip,would not want to know the makeup of the What’s App groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops of owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.

3Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.But it is clumsy.For one thing,it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power.But there is a deeper conceptual problem,too.Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.The users of their services are not their customers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them—

and Face book and Go ogle,the two virtual giants,dominate digi tal ad ver ti si ng to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.

4The product they’re selling is data,and we,the users,convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce whe

31.According to Paragraph1，Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its。A．digital products

B.user information

C.physical assets

D.quality service

32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may

A.worsen political disputes

B.mess up customer records

C.pose a risk to Facebook users

D.mislead the European commission

33.According to the author，competition law

A.should serve the new market powers

B.may worsen the economic imbalance

C.should not provide just one legal solution

D.cannot keep pace with the changing market

34.Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because

A.they are no defined as customers

B.they are not financially reliable

C.these services are generally digital

D.the services are paid for by advertisers

35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate

A.a win-win business model between digital giants

B.a typical competition pattern among digital giants

C.the benefits provided for digital giants'customers

D.the relationship between digital giants and their users

31.答案［B］user information

解析：细节题。根据题干信息定位到第一段第二句。该句提到两年前Facebook花了更多的钱获得了WhatsApp的信息服务。接着提到WhatsApp提供给Facebook的是关于其用户的朋友圈以及社会生活等具体精炼的信息。由此可知，B项为正确答案。

32.答案［C］pose a risk to Facebook users

解析：细节题。根据题干关键词linking the phone number定位第二段第一句。该句提到Facebook向欧洲委员会承诺不会把用户的电话号与Facebook的身份认证连系到一起，但是协议通过之后Facebook立马失信。接下来提到“甚至都不清楚信息里面都有什么，也不知谁发的消息，发送的目的又是什么”。因此，可能会给用户造成风险。因此C项符合文意。

33.答案［D］cannot keep pace with the changing market

解析：细节题。根据题干关键词competition law定位到第三段第一句。该句指出“竞争法似乎成为解决这些不平等权力的唯一办法，但是此法案太过笨拙”。下一句提到“一方面，相比于数据经济变化的速度，此法案发展是非常缓慢的”。由此可知，该法案跟不上当前市场变化的步伐。因此D项为正确答案。

34.答案［D］the services are paid for by advertisers.

解析：根据题目中的because可确定为因果细节题。题干中的信息出现在第三段后半部分，是题目中的原词competition law as presently interpreted，而原因在其后面的句子。下文写到，the users of their services are not，读到这里的not，一定要找而是谁。继续读下一句，That would be the people who buy ad ver ti si ng from them…，与选项对应，可得出［D］the services are paid for by advertisers。

35.答案［D］the relationship between digital giants and their users.

解析：根据题目中is used to illustrate可判断为例证题，要找到the ants analogy论据所证明的论点；论点在论据之前，因此先找到论据the ants analogy，再找到论据前的论点句。所以本题定位到最后一段的第一句，The product…is data，and we…convert our lives to data…。此句中，data即digital giants，we即users。因此答案为［D］the relationship between digital giants and their users.

Text 4

1To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep Work:Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World,recommends building a habit of“deep work”

-the ability to focus without distraction.

2There are a number of approaches to mas tering the art of deep work-be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a“journalistic”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

3Newport also recommends“deep scheduling”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar,I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,”he writes.

4Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities your day

-in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford,author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.

5While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it come to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

6In order to make the most of our focus and energy,we also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”

7“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.

8Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Har vard Medical School,believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.

9“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain.”says Pillay.

36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to _

A.seize every minute to work

B.list you immediate tasks

C.make specific daily plans

D.Keep to your focus time

37.The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that

A.students are hardly motivated by monthly goals

B.detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

C.distractions may actually increase efficiency

D.daily schedules arc indispensable to studying

38.According to Newport,idleness is-

A.a desirable mental state for busy people

B.a major contributor to physical health

C.an effective way to save time and energy

0.an essential factor in accomplishing any work

39.Pillay believes that our brain’s shift between being focused and unfocused

A.can bring about greater efficiency

B.can result in psychological well-being

C.is driven by task urgency

D.is aimed at better balance in work

40.This text is mainly about

A.approaches to getting more done in less time

B.Ways to relieve the tension of busy life

C.The key to eliminating distractions

D.The cause of the lack of focus time

36.答案［D］keep to your focus time

解析：细节题。根据题干的mastering the art of deep work定位到第二段首句。该句指出“有很多种掌握深度工作的方法-不论是专注于指定工作时长时间的后退，或者养成惯例，还是当你一天有闲暇之余采用纪实的方式捕捉深度工作的瞬间”。接着提到“不论是那种方式，关键在于确定你的专注力时间长度并保持专注”。由此可知，D项为正确答案。

37.答案［B］detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

解析：例证题。根据题干时间信息1980s以及Harford定位到第四段与第五段。第四段首句指出另一种短时间做更多事情的方法是反思怎么才能优先处理好你的一天-特别是制作我们待办事项的方法。接着作者举例大学生们分成小组每天做各种详细复杂的任务。第五段首句用while画风一转，表示这种复杂的任务让学生们感到消极，并表示工作中难免会分散注意力，这将影响日常待办事项的效率。可知，作者用反面例子来论证观点，即复杂的计划可能没有像期望的那样有效果。故选B项。

38.答案［D］an essential factor in accomplishing any work.

解析：根据题目Newport得出本题目为细节题中的文中人物观点题。根据题干中的idleness可定位到倒数第三段，idlenes s is not，读到这里依然需要看下文，下面提到it is as…as…，is necessary to getting any work done。再对应选项，可直接选出［D］an essential factor in accomplishing any work。

39.答案［A］can bring about greater efficiency.

解析：根据题目中的Pillay believes可得出本题目为细节题中的文中人物观点题型。根据题目中的信息，可以定位到倒数第二段最后一句，明确指出they tend to be more efficient。然后对应选项得出［A］can bring about greater efficiency。

40.答案［A］approaches to getting more done in less time.

解析：根据题目的mainly about可知为文章主旨题，首先可以通过题目的复现内容找与文章主旨有关的

词汇，题目中反复出现了focus内容，可判断与人们的注意力有。其次，文章主旨一般在开篇第一段或第二段会出现，第一段引用Cal Newport的观点指出focus without distraction话题，第二段就提到了主题approaches to mas tering thd art of deep work，此刻主题已明确，并且第四段有明显的证明another approach。所以本题选［A］approaches to getting more done in less time。

Part B

Directions:

Re ad th e followin g te xt and answer th e qu estions by choosin g th e most suita ble subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

A.Be present

B.Just say it

C.Ask for an opinion

D.Find the＂me too＂s

E.Name,places,things

F.skip the small talk

G.Pay a unique compliment

Five ways to make conversation with anyone

Conversations are links,which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver,new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and start a conversation with strangers.

41.

Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”-this is something that mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say something-the first word-but it just won’t come out,it feels like it is stuck somewhere.l know the feeling and here is my advice:just get it out.Just think:what is the worst that could happen?They won’t talk with you?Well,they are not talking you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything will just flow.I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple"hi","hey"or"hello"-do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put on a big smile and say"hi".

42.

It’s a problem all of us face;you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly,if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”,”how are you?”and“what’s going on?”,you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions.Trust me,you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.

43.

When you meet a person for the first time,make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point.When you start conversation from there and then move outwards,you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.

44.

Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response“I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you,just be in that communication wholeheartedly.Make eye contact.Trust me,eye contact is where all the magic happens.When you make eye contact,you can feel the conversation.

45.

You all came into a conversation where you first met the person,but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name.Isn’t that awkward!So,remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to.the places they want to go,the things they like,the things they hate-whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their well being.So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.

That’s it.Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone.Every person is a really good book to read,or to have a conversation with!

41.选B。该小标题需要涵盖三段内容。第一段开始说到你想跟陌生人说话，但是“it just won’t come out”，提到说话说不出来，随后直接出现我的建议“My advice：just get it out“，即去说。所以选B：Just say it去说

42，选F。该小标题下第一段第一句话就说了你时间有限“you have limited time”，然后说到如果陷到寒暄当中“hi，hello，how are you，what is going on”会让对话没法令人印象深刻。下一段“So”表明结论，去问更多个人问题“personal questions”，所以选F：Skip the small talk跳过寒暄

43.选D。第一句话就说到了第一次交谈要找到共同点“have in common”，从这个共同点“that point”来开展对话“build the conversation”，所以选D：find the“me too”s找到共同点

44.选A。第一段先举例，说你跟人讲心事时，别人分心干别的。然后下一段“So”表明结论，人家跟你沟通，你要全心投入“wholeheartedly”。所以选A：Be Present，在现场，也就是要专注的意思。

45，选E。第一句话就提到了忘记只见过一面的人的名字“name”。“So”后面又提到回忆地点“places”和好恶的事情“things”等细节，所以选E：Name，places，things

Section III Translation

46.Directions：

Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)

A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations.He ticks“astronaut”but quickly adds“scientist”to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough,he can explore as many career paths as he likes.And so he reads—ev er ything from encyclopedias to sci ence fiction novels.He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a“no reading policy”at the dinner table.

That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.Nowadays,his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books:recently,he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year.Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore”,Gates says.

解析：

第1句中to select his future career path做后置定语，对a homework assignment的具体内容进行说明。第2句中add...to...译为“将。。。添加至。。。”；as well译为“也”。第3句中sb.Be convinced that...译为“某人确信”。第4句中encyclopedias是encyclopedia的复数形式，“百科全书”。第5句中so...that句型译为“如此。。。以至于。。。”，起强调作用。第6句中，破折号后面的内容对前面提到的内容进行强调。第7句中science fiction译为“科幻小说”；that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year为宾语从句，revealed译为“透露”；nonfiction books译为“非虚构类图书”。第8句中because为原因状语从句，指出比尔。盖茨选择阅读非虚构类图书的原因。第9句中open up译为“提供，打开”，可引申为“开辟”。

【试题译文】：

一个五年级的学生收到一份家庭作业：即从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。他勾划了“宇航员”，但很快由将“科学家”添加到列表中，并也将其选中。这个男孩相信，如果他读得足够多，他就可以探索尽可能多的他喜欢的职业道路。所以他读书广泛——从百科全书到科幻小说。他读得如此投入，以至于他的父母不得不制定一个：在餐桌上的“不读书政策”。

那个男孩就是比尔盖茨，他没有停止阅读，甚至在他成为这个星球上最成功的人士之一后，仍旧没有停下来。现在，他的阅读材料已经不再是科幻小说和工具书了：最近据他所说，他一年内至少读了50本非科幻小说。比尔盖茨选择非科幻小说类书籍，是因为这类书籍解释了世界是如何运作的。“每本书都开辟了新的知识探索渠道。”盖茨说。

Section IV Writing

Part A

47.

Directions:

Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith.Write him an email to

1)Apologize and explain the situation,and

2)Suggest a future meeting

You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.

Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter,use“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)

Dear Prof.Smith,

I am sorry to tell you that I have to cancel my travel plan to your city for some reasons,thus I am afraid that I couldn't visit you according to the due course.So I am writing for the purpose of extending my sincere apology to you.

Actually,I miss you very much,but I received a notice suddenly that I have to attend an exam if I would love to apply for an opportunity for further study abroad.Nevertheless I haven’t prepared for it very well.Hence I have to spend more time and energy on it.

Please accept my heartfelt apology again!I am really sorry for any inconvenience I caused.And I am honorable to ask if I could make another appointment with you.I am looking forward to your response at your earliest convenience.Regards!

Yours faithfully,

Li Ming解析：道歉信是书信类小作文中为首的几个超级简单的信件种类之一。而建议信是考察次数最多的

信件，一直都是重中之重。而道歉信和建议信的开头和结尾，实际上都可应用所谓的功能句。因为道歉和建议的表达很简单，就那么几种，考前也都让学生背诵了必备道歉句和建议句型。

具体到这篇考题的框架设计上，也可以给大家简单解析下。首先必然三段论。由于是写给认识的教授，所以属于私人书信类。那么第一段开门见山，两句话即可搞定。一句问候语加上一句写作目的。各种问候语万能句型加写作目的句模板都是我课上要求学生必背的。例如问候语How are you getting on with your life recently?你最近怎么样?写作目的，即你为什么写这封信。写信是为了告诉教授不能去看望它了。例如I,to be frank,am writing the letter to apologize to you for that I am afraid I cannot visit you as agreed.坦白来讲，我写这封信是因为想向您道歉，因为恐怕我不能如约地去看望您了。

第二段是提纲要点的阐述，即我们要用三句话左右来阐述第一点提纲，即解释下情况，为什么不能去看望教授的原因。此篇小作文的原因如果多个的话则不适宜。所以需要对原因进行具体阐述，三句话左右足够。当然我们还有个课上讲过的小技巧。首句可以写一个主题句，再加上原因具体阐述。主题即第二段的主题。例如主题句：我取消旅行计划不能去看您的原因如下。例如：我的哥哥嫂子临时出差，小侄子还很小，家里无人照料，我必须要去照顾他。在这里提醒同学们，原因不要花费太多时间去思考。编造的合情合理即可，如我随便举的例子这样简单即可。因为小作文不需要太讲究辞藻，只要能将提纲要点表达清楚和完整，不出现语言、格式和语域的错误，就是一篇合格的小作文了。把更多的精力花在大作文上才是明智的策略。

最后一段建议句加上祝福语或期待回信就可以搞定了。如果字数不够，还可以表达你不能去的遗憾之情。建议句是提纲要求的第二点，一句话阐述即可。如：非常遗憾这次不能见到您，如果您方便的情况下，下个暑假我可以去看望您吗?祝福语和期待回信则太简单了，上课都要求必背的句子。如：I am looking forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience.With my best wishes!期待着你早日回信。谨致以最良好祝愿!

Part B

48.Directions:

Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should

1)interpret the chart,and

2)give your comments.

You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)

参考范文：

The pie chart above evidently illustrates various target elements in terms of consumers’choosing restaurants in a certain city in 2017.To be specific.distinguishing feature took a lion’s

share,accounting for approximately 36.3%.While service and surroundings made up around 26.8%and 24.2%respectively.However,the least proportions were price and other factors,occupying roughly 8%and 4.7%.

What triggers this phenomenon?Maybe at least two reasons can be identified to contribute to this matter.But the most important is that along with the development of economy,people’s living standards have been improved remarkably,as a consequence of which,an increasing amount of individuals focus on superior service and favorable surroundings when they choose restaurants rather than price.Simultaneously,there is another essential factor that after resolving the issue of food and clothing,quite a few consumers’food conception has transformed dramatically,to the extent that they increasingly pursue spiritual consumption,which should be also taken into account.

Based on what has been discussed above:a conclusion can be drawn safely that more up-scale food services will be prevailing in modern food market.And it is predictable that those restaurants with favorable service:distinctive features and excellent circumstances will be beloved by more customers in some years ahead.However,it is advisable for the public to consume rationally,avoiding extravagance and waste.

2018考研英语（二）试题大作文解析：一.审题

该图表反应某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素，很明显，现在的大部分消费者在选择就餐餐厅时，已经不再过度关注价格，而变得更加注重享受，关注因素更多地放在了特色，环境，服务方面。可见，由于国家经济的发展，人们的生活水平日益提高，人们在外出就餐时，更加注重个人享受方面的因素。这种消费类话题，是重点给同学们提到的社会热点之消费类话题，所有的消费类，例如，冲刺讲义上的网上购物人数分布，购买智能家居电器等等，都属于消费类话题，二三段的原因分析和总结都可以直接套用。

二.谋篇布局

第一段：描述图表。针对这种饼状图，我们在课堂上，屡次给大家提到了饼状图的分析思路和可直接套用的模板。只要大家按照饼状图的模板，再结合主题词的翻译，可以在很短的时间内搞定第一段。另外，第一段一个很重要的部分就是标题文字翻译，不过，在课堂上，老师专门带领大家重点专题练习过标题文字的翻译方法，所以，在翻译时，从后往前翻，其他的处理为后置定语，时间状语，地点状语等即可。标题翻译为：focusing factors of customers in a city when choosing a restaurant in 2017。接下来就可以直接套用首段饼状图模板：Emerging from the clearly depicted pie chart is the distribution of focusing factors of citizens in a city when choosing a restaurant in 2017,consisting of 4 parts,which are features,service,environment,price and other factors.Among

them,the proportion of service,environment,price and other factors is 26.8%,23.8%,8.4%and 4.7%respectively.By contrast,the factor of focusing on features of the restaurant is in the lead,accounting for 36.3%.

第二段：分析原因。图表所呈现的现象是消费者在外出就餐时，更注重个人享受，而不是单纯的价格优惠。可见，引起这种现象的原因很明显，可以从两个角度去展开分析：1.国家经济和个人财富的发展;2.人们生活水平的日益提高。这两条消费类话题的原因分析，之前在冲刺课堂上，我们练习的网上购物，购买智能家居电器的文章，都可以直接套用，替换主题词即可。What has triggered this phenomenon?To begin with,with the fast development of national economy and personal wealth,people in China have stepped into an era of enjoying life,transforming traditional pattern of living.Therefore,such a great proportion of citizens are more likely to focus on the features of a restaurant,instead of only concentrating on the price.Moreover,in a society where living standard is highly advocated,citizens in mounting numbers in China,shrugging off their former habit of focusing on lower price,gradually find the service and environment of a restaurant are essential factors.According to a survey conducted by China Research Center,up to 87%Chinese people prefer to choose a comfortable and fashionable restaurant when they go out for eating.

第三段：提出自身见解，加以合理展望。第三段简单介绍下这种趋势的发展情况，预测这种趋势还会这样持续下去。课堂上给大家整理出来的结尾段，可以直接套用，不用做任何的调整。Taking into account what has been argued so far,I am inclined to think about the current situation is normal.In view of the analysis above,it can be predicted that the trend will continue in the future.Accordingly,it is of no necessity for the public to regard it with too much consideration.

总而言之，2018年的英语二大作文，继续延续了历年的出题特点，只要大家把课堂上讲过的社会消费类热点话题合理套用，可以很快写出一篇高质量的文章。最后祝大家考研金榜题名!

以上就是【2018年考研英语二试题与答案解析】的全部解答，如果你想学习更多考研相关知识，欢迎大家前往高顿教育官网考研频道！