Session 7  Absorption and marginal cost
  Main contents: 1. Marginal cost
  2. Contribution
  3. Absorption costing VS marginal costing
  4. Reconciling profits
  7.1 Marginal cost and marginal costing
  Marginal cost is the variable cost of one units of product or service.
  ● Marginal production cost = direct materials +direct labour + variable production overhead
  Marginal costing is an alternative method of costing to absorption costing. In marginal costing, only variable costs are charged as a cost of sale and a contribution is calculated.
  ● Cost of sales = cot of opening inventory + cost of production units – cost of closing
  inventory
  ● Contribution = sales revenue – variable cost of sales
  Example 1:
  Company A produces a single product and has the following budget:
  Company A budget per unit
  Selling price      $10
  Direct materials      $3
  Direct wages     $2
  Variable overheads     $1
  Fixed production overhead is $10000 per month; production volume is 5000 units per month. Sales volume is 5000 units per month.
  Calculate the cost per unit to be used for stock valuation under.
  (1)Absorption costing
  Direct materials     $3
  Direct wages       $2
  Variable overheads    $1
  Absorbed fixed overheads $2 = $10000/5000 units
  Cost per unit      $8
  (2)Marginal costing
  Direct materials     $3
  Direct wages       $2
  Variable overheads    $1
  Cost per unit      $6
  Calculate the profit:
  (1)Absorption costing
  Sales revenue 5000 units x $10       $50000
  Costs 5000 units x $8       $40000
  Profits             $10000
  (2)Marginal costing
  Sales revenue 5000 units x $10          $50000
  Variable costs 5000 units x $6            $30000
  Contribution            $20000
  Fixed costs            $10000
  Profits              $10000
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